Every mechanical fault has its own vibration signature: unbalance at 1X, misalignment at 1X–2X and axially, mechanical looseness as harmonic series, and bearing defects at high frequencies determined by bearing geometry.
Where needed, envelope (demodulation) analysis, phase analysis, operating deflection shapes (ODS), bump tests and run-up / coast-down measurements reveal resonance and structural problems too.
Benefits
Root cause
Fix the cause, not the symptom — so the failure does not return.
Right part, right action
Avoid unnecessary dismantling and part replacement.
Resonance detection
Identify natural frequencies coinciding with running speed.
Warranty & commissioning
Acceptance measurements for new installations and overhauls.
Process
Machine data
Type, speed, bearings, gear and blade counts.
Multi-point measurement
Overall level, spectrum, waveform and envelope in three axes.
Special tests
Phase, ODS, bump test, run-up / coast-down where required.
Diagnostic report
Findings, evidence plots, root cause and recommendations.
Deliverables
- Measurement point diagram
- Spectrum and waveform plots
- Bearing fault frequency analysis
- Root cause assessment
- Prioritised recommendations
Applications
- Bearing defects
- Misalignment
- Mechanical looseness
- Resonance
- Gear defects
- Belt and pulley problems
- Electrically induced vibration
- Cavitation and flow-induced vibration
Frequently asked questions
Which units are used in vibration analysis?
Velocity (mm/s RMS) is the most common unit for general machine vibration. Displacement (µm) is preferred for low-speed machines and acceleration (g) for high-frequency bearing and gear faults.
How does a bearing fault show up in vibration?
Bearing faults appear at characteristic frequencies called BPFO, BPFI, BSF and FTF, calculated from bearing geometry and speed, and at their harmonics. In the early stage these are captured most clearly in the envelope spectrum.